Why Diabetes Starves the Brain — and How Ketone Esters + Plasmalogens Can Switch the Lights Back On
Diabetes and dementia are linked through a simple idea: the brain runs on energy, and diabetes disrupts the brain’s ability to use that energy. When the brain can’t make enough fuel, the neurons begin to slow their firing, mismanage inflammation, misfold proteins, lose membrane integrity, and eventually break down networks involved in memory, mood, coordination, and cognition. Dementia isn’t one event it’s a slow starvation paired with redox imbalance and membrane breakdown. Think of the brain like a city that runs on electricity. Glucose is the main power source. Insulin is the key that lets glucose into the cell. In diabetes especially Type 2 the key doesn’t work well. This creates “brain energy scarcity.” When neurons can’t pull glucose in effectively, they start producing large amounts of reactive oxygen species, shift into survival mode, and stop repairing themselves. Over time, this energetic bottleneck causes synapses to weaken, mitochondria to swell and fragment, and microglia to become overactive. This is why many experts call Alzheimer’s “Type 3 diabetes.” On a molecular level, poor glucose utilization collapses mitochondrial membrane potential, the voltage that drives ATP production. This voltage is the “life force” of the neuron. When it drops, the brain’s ability to manage calcium, recycle damaged proteins (autophagy), and maintain neurotransmitter balance all fall apart. Insulin signaling also regulates synaptic plasticity, serotonin production, acetylcholine balance, and BDNF. So poor metabolic signaling doesn’t only starve neurons it also makes them “forget how to learn.” Diabetes also increases levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are like sticky caramelized proteins that physically gunk up receptors, stiffen membranes, and activate inflammation. Blood vessel health declines, reducing oxygen delivery. Redox balance swings toward chronic oxidative stress. Over years, this combination erodes the frontal lobe, hippocampus, and basal ganglia structures tightly tied to memory, motivation, movement, and personality.