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3 contributions to Castore: Built to Adapt
liver effects of 1,3-Butanediol
Hi Anthony, I recently saw this rodent study done by Ben Bikman's lab on BHB and 1,3 BD. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/18/4/675 This study found: "1,3 BD induces significant hepatic stress characterized by ATP depletion, oxidative stress, and lipid accumulation. These results align with and extend recent findings by Ari and D’Agostino demonstrating formulation-dependent hepatic outcomes of chronic ketone supplementation, where ketone salts preserved liver health while BD-based ketone esters and precursors drove inflammation and steatosis" What are your thoughts on their findings? Does their study design bias the outcome? Are there similar studies that show that 1,3 BD is neutral in its effects? Does KineticPro or KE4 use ketones that are different than what was studied here? (It looks the same to my naive and uninformed eyes, so that's why I'm asking.)
1 like • 10d
@Nick Deck I appreciate your thoughts. I like how ketones are so much more efficient for mitochondrial ATP production than glucose, so I was looking into taking it exogenously for longevity and healthspan. Anthony's recommended ketone products seem to have 1,3 in them, so I wanted to hear his perspective on the potential concerns with taking 1,3 regularly in conjunction with BHB. I'd be curious to know if these products have been tested in humans.
0 likes • 6d
@Mike T Nelson Yes, this is the study that prompted my post. Thanks for sharing your perspective (and your disclosure). There does seem to be questions as to the safety of 1, 3 BD on the liver, so I question long-term use of it for my general longevity reasons vs for specific health concerns.
Dog with seizures
My poor 7 year old mutt gets seizures that last on an off for 2 hours. Could giving him ketones while he's seizing help stop them? Could giving ketones to him daily possibly reduce his seizure frequency (currently every 3 wks)? We live holistically, so he doesn't get any jabs or flea/tick collars, etc., and a raw food diet with no grains but since he was a rescue dog, the agency did give him a bunch of jabs.
1 like • Jan 31
@Anthony Castore WOW, you are so incredibly generous with sharing your knowledge and time in writing such a thoughtful, scientific, and insightful response. I really appreciate you! I've just joined a few days ago and trying to learn from all your posts. I was a biology undergrad major, but that was 34 years ago!
Kenetic regular vs Kenetic Pro
Is there any difference between kenetic vs kenetic pro besides the amount of ketones? Are the tastes of the different flavors the same? When I calculate the per mg dose, the regular kenetic comes out to be a lot less expensive even when I use the discounted price that Anthony Castore offers through his buyers club. At higher doses, the Pro is more convenient, but not at a cost perspective.
2 likes • Jan 31
@Anthony Castore Thanks for your detailed explanation. With the buyers club, I'd have to also pay the shipping cost from you to me (NJ), right? or does it get shipped directly to me? What does Kenetic Pro consider a practictioner? Would a chiropractor or nutrition therapist qualify?
1-3 of 3
Phuong Ngo
2
9points to level up
@phuong-ngo-6467
55 yo looking to reversing exterior and interior aging

Active 4h ago
Joined Jan 27, 2026
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