liver effects of 1,3-Butanediol · Castore: Built to Adapt

liver effects of 1,3-Butanediol

Hi Anthony,

I recently saw this rodent study done by Ben Bikman's lab on BHB and 1,3 BD. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/18/4/675

This study found:

"1,3 BD induces significant hepatic stress characterized by ATP depletion, oxidative stress, and lipid accumulation. These results align with and extend recent findings by Ari and D’Agostino demonstrating formulation-dependent hepatic outcomes of chronic ketone supplementation, where ketone salts preserved liver health while BD-based ketone esters and precursors drove inflammation and steatosis"

What are your thoughts on their findings?

Does their study design bias the outcome?

Are there similar studies that show that 1,3 BD is neutral in its effects?

Does KineticPro or KE4 use ketones that are different than what was studied here? (It looks the same to my naive and uninformed eyes, so that's why I'm asking.)

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