The teaching of phonics sounds/spellings can be largely categorized into a simple code and a complex code. The simple code is fairly simple and straightforward where one letter represents just one sound. For example, letter B makes the /b/ sound. The complex code is where letter(s) can make multiple sounds, and multiple spellings making the same sound. For example: CH makes the /ch/, /sh/, and /k/ sounds (chop, chef, school). The /sh/ sound has multiple spellings including "sh", "ch", "ti", "ci", and "si/ssi". (Note: slashes / / denote the sound made.) - /sh/ – "sh", "ch", "ti", "ci", "si/ssi" (shop, chef, potion, special, vision, mission). Complicated huh? - There are many other examples, but I won’t list them all here. Let's talk about the /sh/ sound and it’s different spellings here. I teach the spellings that have higher frequency of occurrence in words. For the /sh/ sound, I would start teaching the "SH" spelling. If I have an older G1 or G2 student, and if I’m comfortable with their ability/progress, then I may make them aware that "CH" can also make the /sh/ sound, and sometimes – not often – I will introduce the additional spellings of "ti", "ci", and "ssi". I find it much better to wait until a student has a solid grasp of the "SH" spelling for the /sh/ sound before introducing the others, and I also find it easier to teach the additional spellings to students as they come across them during reading sessions. The nice thing about the "ti", "ci", and "si/ssi" spellings is that you’ll notice that they tend to have similar endings. I’ll give some examples below: ti - potion - motion - portion - action - cautious - nutritious - ambitious - partial - substantial - ancient - potential The "ti" spelling for the /sh/ sound typically end with: - tion - tious - tial ci - artificial - facial - social - magician - technician - physician - delicious - spacious - precious The "ci" spelling for the /sh/ sound typically end with:

Heteronyms are the quirky words that keep a language interesting. Have you ever come across a word that changes meaning based on how you say it? Welcome to the intriguing world of heteronyms! These phrases sound innocent on paper, but when spoken, they take on a different meaning. Whether you’re a seasoned linguist or just enjoy playing with words, understanding heteronyms can offer you a new appreciation for language’s quirks. I remember when I first started learning I had no idea what that word meant and when I stumbled upon it I got extremely confused. Heteronym. What Are Heteronyms? Heteronyms are words that share the same spelling but differ in pronunciation and meaning. They are a type of homograph, which literally means “same writing” in Greek. However, not all homographs are heteronyms. Heteronyms differ in pronunciation based on meaning or circumstance. For example: - Lead (verb) [leed] : To guide someone or something.“She will lead the team to victory.” - Lead (noun) [led] : A type of metal.“The pipes were made of lead.” Cool, right? However, they can make it difficult for learners—and even native speakers—to read and pronounce. Examples of Heteronyms Let’s explore some common heteronyms to understand how they work: Tear: a: (noun) a drop of salty liquid that flows from the eye: "a tear rolled across her cheek" b: (verb) pull (something) apart or to pieces with force: "I tore up the letter" Bass: a: (noun) a type of fish: "He went sea fishing for bass". b: (verb) an instrument having the lowest range in sound: "I play the bass guitar in a band" Row: a: (noun) an argument or quarrel: "the boys were having a row in the street". b: (verb) a number of people or things in a straight line: "the children lined up in rows to watch the show." (verb) to propel a boat by means of oars: "row, row, row your boat gently down the stream" These examples illustrate how a single spelling can yield multiple meanings based on pronunciation and context.