Capacity is what an athlete can physically do; utilization is how well they actually apply it in game situations. These are two very different things. As a coach, whether at Alabama A&M, MTI, Edward Waters, or FMU, I’ve seen coaches come to me not with spreadsheets but with observations: “They look slow.” “They seem out of shape.” “They’ve lost explosiveness.”
Before jumping into solutions, you have to ask: What’s the actual issue? Is it truly a lack of physical capacity meaning they can’t produce the force, speed, or reactivity needed? Or do they have the physical tools, but they’re not applying them at the right moment maybe they aren’t reading the play or reacting on time? Same observation, but entirely different root causes and therefore, different solutions. One might require building physical capacity off-field; the other is about refining sport-specific skills.
If you mix these up, you’ll waste time, and the coach will still be unsatisfied. That’s why assessments are critical. Not just to gather numbers, but to pinpoint that gap between what they have and what they’re actually utilizing. It’s a concept I emphasized with my athletes across all those programs, and it continues to shape how I approach performance development today.