A new industry report has been uploaded. You can find it in the Classroom, at 6.2. This report is about European gas prices. It mentions that they have dropped to their lowest level in 18 months, falling below €30 per megawatt hour. The report identifies 3 key factors that have caused this drop. One has to do with traders' expectations about the war in Ukraine. Another has to do with the temperature in Europe this winter. A third factor has to do with the shipping costs of LNG from the U.S. This report is valuable for anyone looking to understand how geopolitics, weather, and global shipping affect energy prices , whether you're an aspiring energy trader, an investor tracking commodity markets, or simply someone who wants to understand market dynamics .

I was in a Project with Enel and ENI in Italy. Lots of resources to share like the ones below , recent trends for energy in Italy.

The attached graph shows the global oil production since 1900. The blue line shows that the US started the 20th century producing no oil, but rapidly expanded production through industrialization. By the 1920s-1930s, the US was the world's dominant producer, reaching approximately 4,000-5,000 TWh and its production peaked in the early 1970s at around 6,000-6,500 TWh. After the 1970s peak, US production entered a steady, decades-long decline, dropping to around 3,500 TWh by the mid-2000s. This period coincided with depletion of conventional oil fields, growing dependence on foreign oil, and the rise of OPEC's market power. Saudi Arabia (pink line) grew dramatically from the 1960s-1980s, stabilizing around 5,000-6,000 TWh. Russia peaked in the 1980s at nearly 7,000 TWh before collapsing in the 1990s following the Soviet Union's dissolution. Iraq, UAE, Oman, and Qatar grew but remained smaller producers (mostly under 2,000 TWh). The most dramatic feature is the near-vertical rise of US production starting around 2008. This "shale boom" was enabled by hydraulic fracturing (fracking), horizontal drilling technology, and access to vast shale oil formations (Permian Basin, Bakken, Eagle Ford). By 2020, US production reached an unprecedented 9,500 TWh - higher than any country has ever produced. There's a notable dip around 2020 (COVID-19 pandemic impact), followed by rapid recovery. Current Landscape Today, the US produces roughly 50% more oil than Saudi Arabia and has fundamentally altered global energy geopolitics by reducing Western dependence on OPEC nations. Note: Oil production is not typically measured in terawatt hours (TWh) or megawatt hours (MWh) - those are units of energy, specifically electrical energy. Oil is normally measured in: - Barrels per day (bbl/d or bpd) - Million barrels per day (MMbpd) - Tonnes or cubic meters This graph is converting oil production into its energy equivalent in terawatt hours, essentially showing how much energy the oil represents rather than the volume produced. This is done by calculating the thermal/chemical energy content of the oil.

At this stage in my career, there are certain skills I need to learn and develop quickly. Since I want to move into the Quant department, I'll need to work primarily on forecasting electricity markets and understand the dynamics of these markets. Our Quant department typically focuses on demand forecasting, generation forecasting, and price forecasting. Your courses in the Classroom section cover a variety of areas, and I appreciate for all of them. However, since I need to progress quickly in these areas, do you have any alternative pathway you can recommend?