It’s raining in Sydney today 🌧️☔️ so I’ve been doing some reading and research. I came across this bit by Chris Williamson and found it quite fascinating. It’s a long one ⏳so if you’ve got the time to indulge me, I’d appreciate your thoughts. If you don’t have the time, I hope you all have a lovely day.
“Thus conscience does make cowards of us all.”
The line comes from Hamlet, and it’s usually misheard as an insult. As if Shakespeare is sneering at morality – like ethics soften us, or thought drains courage from the body.
That’s not what’s happening; Shakespeare isn’t attacking goodness, he’s pointing at self-awareness and naming its cost.
In the “To be, or not to be” soliloquy, Hamlet isn’t really weighing life versus death.
He’s circling a more practical question: why do humans hesitate to act even when action would clearly relieve suffering?
Why do we endure situations we don’t want and why do we tolerate lives that we could in theory change?
Why do we not work to live in the area we want to live in? Why do we not go the extra mile and fight for that job we want?
Well… Pain isn’t the only obstacle, imagination is.
By “conscience,” Shakespeare means something closer to consciousness.
The ability to think ahead, judge ourselves and simulate futures before they arrive.
To see consequences coming and experience them emotionally in advance.
Unfortunately, that ability cuts both ways.
The very capacity that makes us reflective, ethical, and intelligent also makes us hesitant.
We imagine worst-case futures so vividly that we treat them as already real.
So courage isn’t defeated by fear.
It’s defeated by simulation.
We rehearse embarrassment, loss, rejection, and moral failure in advance, and the body responds as if those things have already happened.
Heart rate rises. Muscles tighten. Avoidance feels sensible. Inaction feels like safety.
Hamlet describes what follows: thought “puzzles the will.”
Reflection drains us.
Not because thinking is bad, but because it multiplies potential outcomes faster than our actions can deal with them.
Animals don’t suffer this – they just act when a threshold is crossed.
Humans linger, and by the time the moment to move arrives, we feel as though we’ve already lived through its inevitable failure.
So we wait.
This is the deeper psychological point Shakespeare is making – our intelligence doesn’t just protect us, it inhibits us.
We learn quickly from mistakes we make.
We almost never feel the cost of mistakes we avoid.
The humiliation of speaking and failing leaves a scar.
The decades-long erosion of never speaking leaves nothing you can point to.
Which explains why people stay in the wrong job, the wrong relationship, the wrong version of themselves for years.
Not because they don’t know better, but because action demands stepping into an unrehearsed future.
Hamlet names the real enemy: uncertainty.
Not pain or effort but rather, the unknown.
The mind would rather endure a familiar misery than gamble on an unfamiliar freedom.
Even suffering becomes tolerable once it’s predictable.
People would rather spend years in misery than risk a few days of pain.
This is why modern life, despite being safer than any previous era, often feels more paralysing.
Our nervous system evolved to avoid death and lions, now we use it to avoid embarrassment, misjudgement, reputational damage and identity fracture.
And here’s the final uncomfortable implication Shakespeare leaves hanging – self-awareness is not a pure good.
Beyond a certain point, it actually inhibits agency.
You may have people in your life that don’t really seem to care about anything. Don’t let anything bother them. They don’t make a big deal about problems. They just accept them and deal with them.
Less reflection can mean more peace.
Less certainty can mean more movement.
Less conscience can sometimes mean more life.
Planning for an event might make you discover the risks, prevent preventing you from doing it.
Not going to the gym because you know you might be sore afterwards.
Not worrying, leads to more freedom and a better life
Courage isn’t about thinking clearly.
Courage is moving while things are still unclear.
A life can be deeply examined and still never lived