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7 contributions to Castore: Built to Adapt
Your Mitochondria Aren’t “Low Energy” — They’re Structurally Broken (And Pushing Them Harder Is Making It Worse)
Most conversations about mitochondria start in the wrong place. They start with energy production, ATP output, or how to “boost” mitochondria. That framing misses the real problem. Mitochondria don’t usually fail because they can’t make energy. They fail because the physical structure that allows energy to be made cleanly and efficiently becomes unstable. Once structure is compromised, every attempt to push energy production creates more noise, more oxidative stress, and more dysfunction. This is why people can have “normal” labs yet feel exhausted, wired, inflamed, or unable to recover. The issue isn’t fuel. It’s architecture. To understand this, we need to zoom in to the level of mitochondrial structure. Inside every mitochondrion is an inner membrane that folds inward into structures called cristae. These folds are not random. They are precisely shaped, tightly regulated, and essential for efficient energy production. Cristae dramatically increase surface area, but more importantly, they organize the electron transport chain into coherent, functional units. The electron transport chain is not just a series of enzymes floating in space. It is a spatially organized system embedded in the inner membrane. Distance between complexes, membrane curvature, lipid composition, and membrane tension all matter. A helpful analogy is an accordion. When the folds are evenly spaced, elastic, and well aligned, air flows smoothly and predictably. When the folds become stiff, warped, or collapsed, airflow becomes turbulent and inefficient. The same thing happens with electrons inside mitochondria. Electrons enter the electron transport chain and move through complexes I, II, III, and IV. As they move, they pump protons across the inner membrane, creating a proton gradient called membrane potential. ATP synthase then uses that gradient to produce ATP. When cristae structure is intact, electrons flow smoothly, protons are distributed evenly, ATP is produced efficiently, and reactive oxygen species remain low. When cristae structure is compromised, electrons leak, protons accumulate unevenly, membrane potential becomes excessive or unstable, and reactive oxygen species rise.
1 like • 10d
Brilliant read
The Brain Doesn’t Break From Damage—It Breaks From Energy Debt (And Almost No One Thinks This Way)
Let’s begin by looking at aging and longevity through the lens of neuron survival. Most conversations about aging revolve around damage. Oxidative damage. DNA damage. Protein damage. The story we are usually told is that aging is the slow accumulation of wear and tear until the system finally breaks. That framing sounds intuitive, but it is incomplete. Cells do not usually fail because damage suddenly appears. They fail because their ability to repair damage, buffer stress, and maintain energy quietly erodes over time. Aging, at its core, is better understood as a progressive loss of energy resilience. Neurons are one of the earliest and clearest indicators of this process. They are among the most energy-demanding cells in the body, and unlike many other tissues, they cannot easily be replaced. They must maintain electrical gradients every second, transmit signals across long distances, repair DNA continuously, and coordinate complex networks that never truly shut off. This means neurons live very close to their energetic limits even under normal conditions. As NAD+ availability declines with age, neurons become less capable of surviving inflammatory stress, metabolic stress, and excitotoxic stress. Long before neurons actually die, this loss of resilience shows up as slower processing speed, poorer stress tolerance, impaired memory consolidation, reduced emotional regulation, and diminished adaptability. People feel “off” years or decades before anything that would qualify as neurodegeneration appears on a scan. From a longevity perspective, this reframes the goal entirely. Longevity is not primarily about adding years at the very end of life. It is about preserving cognitive, emotional, and functional capacity across the middle decades where most people actually live. Strategies that stabilize energy metabolism and reduce unnecessary NAD+ depletion are therefore plausibly longevity-aligned even if they do not regenerate tissue or reverse existing damage. The key shift is this: longevity is less about creating new cells and more about preventing avoidable cell loss.
1 like • 17d
brilliant read
Memberships Options: Read This If You’re New or Deciding How to Engage More Deeply
This community exists to correct a problem I see every day: smart, motivated people making avoidable mistakes because they are reacting to information instead of reasoning through it. Everything here is built around clear thinking, proper sequencing, and confident restraint. There are several ways to engage. Each one is designed for a different level of responsibility. The question is not whether to invest. The question is where you are right now. The Cellular Intelligence Circle For Orientation, Context, and Staying Current The Circle is where confusion gets resolved before it turns into action. This is the right place if you want to: - Understand emerging science without overreacting to it - Learn how decisions are actually weighed - Separate signal from noise - Avoid unnecessary intervention It is a content-first environment designed to compound over time. Membership provides access to a growing, curated body of work that functions as a reference library, not a feed to keep up with. Inside the Circle: - Peptide of the Month (mechanism, context, restraint) - Protocol and case reasoning breakdowns - Science article reviews focused on interpretation, not hype - Monthly live Q and A - Periodic synthesis webinars The Circle is not coaching. It is not protocol delivery. It is where judgment is built. Pricing - $79 per month - $219 for three months - $499 for twelve months This level is appropriate when your primary goal is orientation, understanding, and staying sharp. One-Time Consultations For Specific Decisions. Consultations exist for moments when a decision needs to be handled correctly. They focus on: - Identifying what actually matters - Removing unnecessary complexity - Clarifying what not to do Pricing - One hour consultation: $350 - One hour consultation with follow-up: $500 This option makes sense when a single decision needs careful thought. Ongoing Advisory Core For Continuity and Guardrails. This is for people who no longer want to think through complex decisions in isolation.
1 like • 17d
cant wait to start
Fat Loss Decoded — Part 5: Protocol Design and Personalization
This is where strategy becomes results. Everything we’ve covered so far fat mobilization, mitochondrial function, fuel signaling, and adaptation is just information unless it gets applied in the right order, with the right dose, for the right person. That’s where most fat loss plans fall short. They give you tactics, not a system. This final part is about how to stack, sequence, and personalize a fat loss protocol that works with your biology instead of fighting it. Whether you’re guiding high performers or dialing in your own plan, the goal is the same: create a fat loss strategy that actually sticks and doesn’t wreck your health or metabolism in the process. Let’s simplify this down into five essential principles: 1. Start with the Signal, Not the StimulusBefore you even talk about diet, training, or supplements, ask: what signal do I need to send? If the goal is fat loss, you need to activate AMPK, bias toward fatty acid metabolism, and lower insulin. That starts with: -Morning movement (Zone 2 cardio or walking) -Compressed eating windows (e.g. 8-10 hour feeding window) -Strategic carbohydrate timing (post-training only, or carb cycling based on output) -Avoiding insulin-spiking foods early in the day -Allowing cortisol to rise naturally (no caffeine before light/sun) This sets the tone for fat to be the preferred fuel. Once this signal is in place, you can layer in targeted tools. 2. Sequence Your Interventions by PhaseFat loss isn’t a 16-week sprint. It’s a phasic process where the tools and levers shift depending on where you are. Here’s a simplified 3-phase model: Phase 1 Metabolic Priming (2–4 weeks)Goal: Improve insulin sensitivity, activate AMPK, support fat transportTools: -Carnitine (oral or injectable, pre-fast or pre-cardio) -MOTS-c or berberine (to support AMPK and glucose clearance) -Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17 (gut-mediated fat signaling) -Zone 2 cardio + morning walks -Compressed feeding window -Low to moderate carbs timed post-workout
1 like • 28d
Thanks @Anthony Castore - so much information in these 5 parts and indeed all of your writing and makes so much sense. Blows my mind to be honest
1 like • 28d
It truly is resonating. I learn by writing out what I read. It's a slow process but it sinks in better for me this way. This information is gold dust, very valuable to myself, my family and my clients. Life changing. @Anthony Castore
The Heiarchy Of Cellular Adaptation Part 5
Now that we’ve worked through the hierarchy redox, mitochondrial membrane potential, energy sensing, and anabolic signaling it’s time to translate the model into real-world protocol design. The question isn’t just what to use, it’s when to use it, and in what order. This is where most people get stuck. They want to address everything at once, often stacking compounds that operate on different timelines, pathways, or levels of cellular readiness. But true adaptation doesn’t come from throwing the kitchen sink at the problem. It comes from layering the right signal at the right time. Protocol design should be iterative, not fixed. You’re working with a dynamic system. The body is always reading inputs and recalibrating its response based on context. That’s why sequencing matters so much. You don’t open with growth signals if the redox environment is unstable. You don’t push fat oxidation if mitochondrial membrane potential is low. You don’t trigger autophagy with aggressive fasting if energy sensing is already impaired. You build the platform before you load the weight. The first step in building a protocol is to assess the individual’s current state. Are they dealing with fatigue, poor recovery, inflammation, or cognitive fog? That usually points to redox dysfunction. Do they crash after exertion or feel wired but tired? That suggests instability in membrane potential. Are they stuck in a fat loss plateau despite perfect macros and training? That often reflects poor energy sensing. Are they training hard but not growing? That points to anabolic resistance due to upstream gating. Once the entry point is clear, interventions should follow a “pull, stabilize, then push” rhythm. In the redox phase, you use compounds that enhance electron flow and reduce signaling noise things like mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants, plasmalogens, or ketone esters. The goal here is not to suppress oxidation, but to restore clarity in the cellular communication network. In the membrane potential phase, you introduce agents that stabilize the mitochondrial inner membrane—peptides like SS-31, structured lipids, or photobiomodulation. You don’t need a lot of input just consistency and a signal the cell can trust.
1 like • Dec '25
Thank you @Anthony Castore for all 5 parts. Brilliant
1-7 of 7
Ronnie Warde
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11points to level up
@ronnie-warde-5160
Ronnie warde. Physical therapist. Track and field coach.

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Joined Nov 17, 2025
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