Briefing Document: The NASM Optimum Performance Training (OPT) Model Executive Summary The Optimum Performance Training (OPT) model is a systematic, integrated functional assessment and training framework designed by the National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM). Originally developed by physical therapist Michael Clark, the model bridges the gap between physical therapy and strength and conditioning. It provides a repeatable, evidence-based system for progressing clients from foundational stabilization to maximal power. The model is structured into three distinct levels—Stabilization, Strength, and Power—comprising six specialized phases. Its primary objective is to decrease the risk of injury and overtraining while maximizing performance by addressing muscle imbalances, joint stability, and neuromuscular efficiency. Key takeaways include: - Foundation First: Progressing to high-intensity loads without a stable foundation increases orthopedic risk. - The Power of Supersets: Phase 2 (Strength Endurance) and Phase 5 (Power) utilize specific superset protocols to target multiple muscle fiber types and physiological adaptations simultaneously. - Assessment-Driven Programming: All training decisions are dictated by transitional and performance assessments, such as the Overhead Squat, Davies, and Shark Skill tests. - Integrated Flexibility: Flexibility must be viewed as a continuum (Corrective, Active, and Functional) that aligns with the specific phase of training. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I. The Architecture of the OPT Model The OPT model is built on the principle of Progressive Overload, applied through a systematic framework. It is designed to be integrated, meaning it incorporates flexibility, cardiorespiratory training, core, balance, plyometrics, speed, agility, and quickness (SAQ), and resistance training into every program. The Three Levels of Training 1. Stabilization: Focuses on muscular endurance, joint stability, and movement quality. 2. Strength: Focuses on prime mover strength, muscle growth (hypertrophy), and maximal force production. 3. Power: Focuses on the rate of force production (speed and explosiveness).