Aspirants need guides. Callard emphasizes learning from those who have already achieved the good we seek. This mindset is about humble,active learning seeing teaches and mentors as essential midwives to your own success.

Anscombe’s work is steeped in Aristotelian teleology——the idea that acts are defined by their ends. This frames conviction as having a clear telos (end/purpose). Your convictions are what define the target you are aiming for in life.

Anscombe’s work on intensional can be extended to reception. This fosters a mindset of seeing the good things in life——from a sunny day to a helping hand——not as entitlements, but as gifts, which naturally invokes a grateful response.

Success, for the aspirant, is movement toward a telos (an end goal). This is about cultivating a mindset focused on directional growth, where every action is evaluated based on whether it brings you closer to who you are trying to become.

A Susan Newman insight. Mature conviction can hold two seemingly contradictory ideas at once (e.g.. the world is profoundly unjust and we must never stop trying to make it better). This celebrates the intellectual courage required for a nuanced purpose.