Genesis 1: Reference Material
Quick reference for Genesis 1:1–10 in its Ancient Near Eastern (ANE) context. Key Terms תֹהוּ וָבֹהוּ (Tohu wabohu) — “Formless and void” Disorder or non-function, not non-existence. תְּהוֹם (Tehom) — “The deep” Chaotic waters symbolizing instability. רוּחַ אֱלֹהִים (Ruach Elohim) — “Spirit/wind of God” Divine presence preparing to bring order. בָּדַל (Badal) — “To separate” Creates boundaries, order, and function. קָרָא (Qara) — “To name” Assigns purpose and authority. טוֹב (Tov) — “Good” Fit for purpose; functioning as intended. אֶרֶץ (Eretz) — “Land/earth” Often habitable land, not the whole planet. ANE Cosmology Existence defined by order and function. Functional Ontology To exist is to have a role. Science & Genesis Science explains process; Genesis explains meaning.