Engine The engine is the heart of the car. It turns fuel into power that moves the vehicle. Common engine parts: - Cylinder – Where fuel burns to create power - Pistons – Move up and down to turn energy into motion - Crankshaft – Converts piston movement into rotation - Spark plugs – Ignite the fuel-air mixture - Timing belt/chain – Keeps engine parts in sync Transmission The transmission sends power from the engine to the wheels and controls speed. - Automatic transmission – Shifts gears by itself - Manual transmission – Driver shifts gears using a clutch - Clutch – Connects and disconnects engine power (manual cars) Fuel System This system delivers fuel from the tank to the engine. - Fuel tank – Stores gasoline - Fuel pump – Pushes fuel to the engine - Fuel injectors – Spray fuel into the engine - Fuel filter – Keeps dirt out of the fuel Cooling System Prevents the engine from overheating. - Radiator – Cools engine fluid - Coolant – Absorbs heat - Water pump – Circulates coolant - Thermostat – Regulates temperature Exhaust System Removes harmful gases and reduces noise. - Exhaust manifold – Collects gases from engine - Catalytic converter – Reduces emissions - Muffler – Quietens the sound - Exhaust pipe – Releases gases outside Braking System Helps the car slow down and stop safely. - Brake pedal – Activates brakes - Brake pads – Create friction - Rotors – Slow wheel rotation - Calipers – Press pads against rotors Suspension & Steering Controls comfort and handling. - Shocks/struts – Absorb bumps - Springs – Support vehicle weight - Control arms – Connect wheels to frame - Steering wheel – Controls direction - Tie rods – Turn the wheels Electrical System Powers lights, electronics, and engine components. - Battery – Stores electrical power - Alternator – Charges the battery - Starter motor – Starts the engine - Fuses – Protect electrical circuits Basic Maintenance Parts These are the most commonly replaced parts.

What are the things you think are common when working on your own vehicle but you struggle most on?