Today I had the opportunity to speak with ICU clinicians at Monash Health as part of a Humanitarian Medicine session, bringing my perspective from Lived experience, emergency nursing and community refugee health. One message I wanted to leave with the group was simple: The clinical presentation in front of you may only be a very small part of that person’s story. For people from refugee and asylum seeker backgrounds, there can be barriers that are not immediately visible — language, unfamiliarity with the Australian healthcare system, financial pressures, past experiences of trauma or displacement, difficulty accessing primary care, or uncertainty about what happens after discharge. A patient who repeatedly says “yes” may not fully understand. A patient who misses appointments may not be “non-compliant.” A patient who repeatedly presents to hospital may simply have nowhere else they know how to access. Emergency nursing taught me to ask: “What does this patient need right now?” Refugee health taught me to also ask: “What happened before they arrived here?” “What is going to happen after they leave?” Three key messages I shared: ✅ Healthcare can be available without being accessible. ✅ A referral made is not necessarily a referral completed. ✅ Trauma-informed care should not become trauma-assumed care. You do not need to know everything about every culture to provide culturally safe care. Sometimes it starts with something much simpler: Use a professional interpreter. Be curious. Avoid assumptions. Check understanding. And ask what barrier you might not yet be seeing. This is exactly the kind of practical refugee-health discussion I want to keep building in this community.