Why does this matter as an engineer?
Because the difference between O(n) and O(n²) means your app runs in 1 second or 100 minutes when the data scales up.
Here's the cheat sheet:
- O(1) = Constant time → fastest possible
- O(log n) = Logarithmic → great for searching
- O(n) = Linear → grows with data
- O(n²) = Quadratic → AVOID at scale
- O(2^n) = Exponential → almost always wrong
If you're writing nested loops in your code right now, ask yourself: Is there a faster way?
That question separates junior devs from senior engineers.