• It starts earlier than most people think: Muscle mass and strength begin declining gradually after age 30, at a rate of about 3–8% per decade. The process accelerates after age 60–65, with even steeper losses in strength and function. • It affects millions worldwide: Prevalence is roughly 10–16% (or higher depending on diagnostic criteria) among adults over 60, rising to 30–50% or more in those over 80. Rates can vary by region, sex, and definition used. • Aging is the primary driver—but not the only one: Declining hormones (like testosterone and IGF-1), reduced muscle protein synthesis, chronic low-grade inflammation, and changes in muscle quality all play roles. • Noticeable symptoms emerge over time: Look for muscle weakness, slower walking speed, difficulty climbing stairs or rising from a chair, reduced balance, and increased fall risk. • Consequences go beyond weakness: Sarcopenia raises the risk of fractures, disability, loss of independence, hospitalization, and even higher mortality—creating a cycle of frailty. • It’s not inevitable or limited to “old age”: Inactivity, poor nutrition, chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes, cancer), inflammation, or low testosterone can accelerate it much earlier—even in middle age. • Early detection is possible: It often “flags” itself through simple tests before major symptoms appear, such as reduced grip strength, slower chair-stand time (e.g., >15 seconds for five rises), or declining gait speed. • Resistance training is the most effective intervention: Weight lifting, resistance bands, or bodyweight exercises can build muscle and strength at any age. Programs focusing on major muscle groups, done 2–3 times per week, show rapid improvements. • Protein intake makes a big difference—especially when paired with exercise: Aim for 25–30 grams of high-quality protein per meal (or ~1.2+ grams per kg body weight daily overall) to better stimulate muscle repair. Distribute it evenly across meals; leucine-rich sources (whey, meat, eggs, soy) are particularly helpful.

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