🧬 Mitochondrial Biogenesis: MOTS-c & Humanin – A Quick Research Breakdown

What Are Mitochondrial-Derived Peptides (MDPs)?

Small bioactive peptides encoded by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Form a retrograde signaling network communicating mitochondrial status with the rest of the cell.

MOTS-c: A Metabolic Modulator

Encoded by 12S ribosomal RNA gene (MT-RNR1)
Activates AMPK & SIRT1 (nutrient sensors)
Enhances glucose tolerance & insulin sensitivity (5 mg/kg/day in aged mice)
May increase thermogenic capacity of white/brown fat
Extends lifespan in aged mice (15 mg/kg, 3x/week)

Humanin: A Cytoprotective Peptide

First MDP described (16S rRNA gene, MT-RNR2)
Exercise-sensitive: acute high-intensity exercise increases levels
Improves hippocampal signaling & reduces myocardial fibrosis in models

Clinical Implications:

Lower circulating MDPs in obesity, diabetes, aging
Muscle MDP expression upregulated by mitochondrial stress (exercise)
Clinical trials underway: coronary artery disease (NCT04027712), NAFLD & obesity (NCT03998514)

Takeaway:

MOTS-c & humanin represent a promising area for restoring youthful cellular energy and combating metabolic decline.

🔬 For research-grade MOTS-c, Humanin & other peptides, check OrionPeptide.com.

⚠️ Research only. Not for human consumption.

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🧬 Mitochondrial Biogenesis: MOTS-c & Humanin – A Quick Research Breakdown