ok, so for these types of questions, how I would solve them is by reading the passage MUTLIPLE times. I read this passage thrice. And this was skim reading each, so reading it like that didn't take long. I do this to ensure I understand what the passage is about. Step 0: Read the question and underlined sentence. I don't need to understand the context just yet. We just wanna be able to emphasise this and read the passage BASED on the question. We want the correct mindset. Step 1 (first pass): I skim read it. Don't know what municipalities means (I move on but try to guess a possible meaning based on the context of the passage). The passage is about water wastage, pricing and techniques to stop water wastage. Step 2: I reread this again. Now I see muncipalities is this thing that is responsible for charging people for water usage (i get this after reading the first couple of lines again). They want to decrease water wastage, so are using a system of tiers, and moving from one tier to another increases rate. This has helped decrease wastage. However, this person in the passage says that most households are in the bottom tier anyway. The ier limits are based on historical values and are a bit generous. They should be changed to accurately reflect the use of water today. (I summarise this in my head. This is faster) Step 3: I reread the question and the underlined portion again. Now I see that the underlined portion explains WHY the current system used to charge people for water is not effective. A bit after I see that this underlined portion is used as justification for a change in the system. Step 4: read the options. Now with a proper understanding it should be easy to eliminate options. 1. You chose the option A. Now, LOGICALLY, A makes sense. HOWEVER, does the passage actually say that households are charged more when usage increases. Ik this is a logical inference, that as usage decreases, the amount charge decreases. However, the passage DOES NOT refer to increase in charge anywhere. Eliminate this. (You have to make sure u pick options the passage DIRECTLY states. This is not a passage where u predict the continuation of the pasage.)