@Demetrios Gizelis @Stephen Hinton Yes, borrowing your own IOU/currency is absurd. But, there might be some reasons why we call it borrowing and why we account for this every month and why there are 500 people working on this in the Swedish government. First, some of the practices are inherited from the so called gold standard and mainstream economics does not understand money. So let's call it borrowing. But in reality this is like saying I need to borrow 5 thankyous today because I want to say thank you 5 times tomorrow. Second, 500 people working on this can be a way to keep track of what is going on with regard to spending and with regard to satisfying the needs of the financial sector. Just accounting(probably useful?) and financial sector welfare(maybe too much?). Unfortunately, the public, politicians and professors confuse deficit spending with "OMG we are running out of money!", instead of flipping it and saying "Now we have added to the net worth of our lovely citizens!". The central bank of Sweden is under 100% state ownership. It's role for the government is to make sure the govt always can spend when it wants in its own currency. Whether is is wise to spend or not on what can be discussed, but the central bank will one way or another always enable the government to spend. Do not go into the Schuldenbremse trap unless you want to see some populist party rise in your country.