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Inspiring Philosophy Academy

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2 contributions to Inspiring Philosophy Academy
The nail in the coffin for divine agency theories
The most common reply to arguments for a high Christology is an appeal to divine delegation, or agency. A Christian might say something like, "Jesus calmed the storm in Mark, who but God can do that?" The dissenter replies, "That's because Jesus was given divinely authorized power, just as Moses was when he split the Red Sea. You wouldn't call Moses God, would you?" At first glance, the symmetry seems accurate. But look beneath the surface, and a serious problem emerges. What the dissenter is really doing is anchoring their interpretive framework to adjacent Jewish agency texts, passages featuring mediatorial figures such as prophets, angels, and messengers, or even inanimate objects like the ark of the covenant. The goal is to draw a parallel between Jesus and figures who mediated the presence of YHWH without ever being YHWH. The trouble is that no such parallel actually works in totality. Now you might be thinking, "But doesn't Jesus carry out divine prerogatives, just as those other figures did?" Yes, He does, but that's a distraction from the real point of contention. The real issue is what I'll call the overextension problem. The overextension problem: Agency-only models use Jewish agency parallels to explain more than those parallels can bear. They can account for how an authorized agent represents YHWH, but they cannot, on their own, explain why Christ personally occupies the YHWH-only subject-position. That subject-position turns on something I'll call identity-emphasis. Identity-emphasis: the way a text signals which figure is being made the focal bearer of divine significance in a given passage. How do we know this is the crux? Simple: in every proposed parallel, whatever mediates YHWH's presence and authority never retains an identity of its own, it functions purely as a channel for YHWH's speech and action. So here's the logic of the agency-only model: YHWH commands → the human agent obeys and signifies the act → YHWH completes it. Take Moses at the sea. He stretches out his hand, but it is YHWH who drives the waters back:
1 like • 24d
Hey Tim I really appreciated this post. I’m still pretty new to learning a lot of this stuff but I thought your point about identity emphasis was really interesting and honestly helped me think about these passages differently I was curious though what your thoughts are on the Angel of YHWH passages in relation to this because in places like Exodus 3 it starts with the Angel of YHWH appearing in the bush but then God speaks saying “I am the God of Abraham” so the text almost seems to move between the Angel and YHWH itself I could totally just be misunderstanding it, but would that fit into the agency category differently since the identity emphasis there also seems a little more blended?
0 likes • 24d
@Tim Howard I see now thank you for the response much appreciated!
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1 like • May 6
Hello my name is Massimo and i live in Toronto Canada. I currently dont have a role in apologetics(thought that can change) but i am really here because i am trying to go deeper on apologetics as well as philosophy, theology, biblical studies as build and refine a worldview and think for my self for a change.
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Massimo Locicero
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@massimo-locicero-3944
Hello my name is Massimo Locicero I am 19 and from Toronto Canada. I love entrepreneurship I love golfing and most important I am a follower of Christ

Active 1d ago
Joined May 6, 2026
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