The rule of 40 is traditionally used for SaaS investors, yet it seems as though the course material applies it to non-SaaS companies such as Rivian to indicate a signal of distress. I know Rivian is building a “SaaS like” component within their business model with their software subscription services, however I intuitively would use automotive or EV-specific bench marks when analyzing. Could you clarify how the group decides when and how to apply the Rule of 40 outside pure SaaS contexts if at all?

Hi John, I am interested in your portfolio you've built and have talked about. I have a couple of questions and please bear with me as I'm still new to stock investing. It seems with the Zombie Death Clock tool, you evaluate stocks based on their cash runway among other factors. In which way do you use this information? Are you using this to short these stocks or buying put options? Or are you using this information to know which companies to stay away from? I'd imagine if shorting, this would be a small piece of your portfolio as it is high risk. If this is accurate, what percentage of your portfolio do you put towards these shorts and what is your risk tolerance? Are you strictly using options to mitigate risks? Reviewing your gains and very few yearly losses you have put on your website, it doesn't seem as high risk as I'd imagine. I'm looking for a clear picture of how you use the Zombie Death Clock information and how we can use it to build our portfolios.