Bom dia to you! Got any plans for the weekend? On the show this morning, and from GuMPer @Francis Gersbach: "Your Portugal Path Portugal's citizenship law changed in May 2026. If you've already started this journey, we know the timing is hard. This 2-minute check tells you which rules apply to your situation". Try it here --- That oil win

Yesterday was 'Quinta-feira de Ascensão' in Portugal, in English: Ascension Thursday or Ascension Day. This Portuguese cultural celebration is sometimes translated as 'Ear of Wheat Day' or 'Spike of Grain Day' from the Portuguese word espiga, an ear of wheat, a sprig of which is part of the associated bouquet or 'ramo'. You may have seen these small bouquets adorning doors, gateways or even cars, that mark this Christian feast day celebrating the belief in the bodily Ascension of Jesus into heaven, which always falls on a Thursday, exactly 40 days after Easter Sunday. This Day of the Wheat Ear is also seen by some as a 'Blessing of the Harvest' or a 'Spring Abundance Festival' and in some parts of the UK and Germany, there are similar ancient 'Beating the Bounds' or 'Well Dressing' traditions around this time of year. The specific Portuguese 'Espiga' bouquet is quite unique to the Iberian Peninsula, but which of these components is NOT included?

In the spring of 1917, amid the horrors of World War I, three young shepherd children - Lúcia dos Santos (10) and her cousins Francisco (9) and Jacinta Marto (7) - were tending their sheep in central Portugal. On May 13, in a hollow known as the Cova da Iria, they witnessed a dazzling lady “brighter than the sun,” dressed in white and standing atop a small holm oak tree. She identified herself as coming from heaven and asked them to return on the 13th day of each month for six months, urging them to pray the Rosary daily for the end of the war and the conversion of sinners. Over the following apparitions, she revealed three prophetic secrets (including a vision of hell, warnings of future wars, and a call to consecrate Russia to her Immaculate Heart), taught them prayers of reparation, and promised a great miracle. Despite skepticism, mockery, and even imprisonment by local authorities, the children remained faithful. On October 13, 1917, around 70,000 people gathered in pouring rain; the clouds parted, and the sun appeared to dance, whirl, and plunge toward the earth in a multicolored spectacle known as the “Miracle of the Sun” - an event witnessed by believers and skeptics alike, drying their clothes instantly and confirming the apparitions. Francisco and Jacinta died young (as foretold), while Lúcia lived to share the full message, which continues to inspire millions of pilgrims to this day. Where did this take place, and where is there a world-renowned shrine today, where millions of Catholics continue to converge? See Portugal's other two 'F's here

Born in 1846, this figure spent decades climbing the military ranks as a respected General and engineer. When the Monarchy fell in 1910, he transitioned into the new Republican era not as a radical firebrand, but as a career officer known for professional competence. This 'soldier-first' reputation eventually made him the go-to candidate for leadership when the young Republic began to fracture under the weight of constant strikes, political assassinations, and economic instability. By early 1915, Portugal was a pressure cooker of dissent. The ruling Democratic Party was determined to drag the country into World War I, a move deeply unpopular with the military and the working class. Seeking to break the deadlock and restore 'order,' the President bypassed Parliament to appoint this man as Prime Minister. This move essentially handed the keys of the country to the military, sparking a four-month period of governance that history would famously label the 'Dictatorship of the Swords.' During his brief tenure, he attempted to play the role of the great stabilizer. He began closing down radical political clubs, granting amnesty to exiled monarchists, and attempting to heal the bitter rift between the state and the Catholic Church. To his supporters, he was a pragmatic savior bringing discipline back to a lawless Lisbon; to his detractors, he was a 'crypto-monarchist' traitor who was dismantling the very foundations of the 1910 Revolution. The end came swiftly and violently on this very day, May 14, in 1915. A revolutionary junta, backed by the Navy and armed civilian militias, launched a bloody uprising to 'rescue' the Republic. As the cruiser Vasco da Gama opened fire on the city from the Tagus, his government collapsed in a single day of street fighting that left hundreds dead. He was arrested, stripped of power, and eventually sent into exile in the Azores, marking the beginning of an even more chaotic phase of the First Republic. He was neither a bloodthirsty tyrant nor a visionary democrat; he was a conservative military technician caught in the gears of a political machine he didn't fully understand. He believed that the complexities of a nation could be managed through the same rigid hierarchy and discipline he used in the Army. His failure demonstrated a harsh truth in Portuguese history: that while the military could seize control of the streets, it could not so easily bridge the deep ideological chasms of a divided people.

As well as Paul Rees, what happened to 'Reis'?