Hi I'm watching Fix the Mix series, and I have a really confusing question about gain staging. When I build the foundation, I make the kick and snare hit around -5 dB after processing. But when I add the beat and the vocals (I make lo-fi hip hop, so I usually sample songs), I only have about 2 dB of headroom left on the stereo out. How should I gain stage my beat and vocals in this situation? Also, how much headroom should I aim to have on the stereo out before mastering? Another question: if I want my sample to have more bass by adding R-Bass or a similar plugin, should I apply the VU gain staging method to the sample before processing, or is the VU method unnecessary in this case? Also, what level should I aim for when recording or gain staging my vocals? I don't usually have many layers in my mixes. A typical session for me consists of: - Soul sample - Kick - Snare - Hi-hats - Percussion - Maybe a bassline - Vocals What would be the proper gain staging approach and target levels for a simple arrangement like this? Also, how should I approach mixing the sample? Since it's usually taken from an already mixed and mastered song, I'm never sure how much processing it actually needs. Should I treat it like any other instrument and gain stage it first, or is there a different workflow you recommend for samples? Thanks