A full moon occurs when the Moon is fully illuminated as seen from Earth, opposite the Sun.
Its significance across history and cultures:
• Cultural & Spiritual: Marks major festivals/rituals (e.g., Mid-Autumn Festival in China, Passover, Easter timing, Vesak in Buddhism, Hindu Purnima festivals). Often seen as a time of completion, heightened energy, or spiritual power.
• Mythology & Folklore: Associated with transformation (werewolves), madness (“lunacy”), fertility, and magic in many traditions.
• Agriculture: Brightest night of the month; traditionally used for harvesting by moonlight (hence “Harvest Moon” in autumn).
• Tides: Full moons create the strongest spring tides (with new moons) due to aligned gravitational pull of Sun and Moon.
• Biological rhythms: Influences some animals’ behavior (e.g., coral spawning, nocturnal activity). Human sleep studies show slight disruptions in sleep quality around full moons.
• Astronomy: Best time for casual moon observing (craters, maria very sharp); signals halfway point of the lunar cycle.
In short: it’s the brightest, most visually striking lunar phase and has been a calendar marker, spiritual symbol, and natural timekeeper for millennia.