The core action in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest centers on McMurphy's conflict with the strict rules enforced by Nurse Ratched. Her ward operates like a small society, complete with its own regulations and punishments, impacting both patients and staff. From the moment McMurphy enters, he challenges these rules, whether by disrupting the so-called "democratic" group therapy sessions or by brushing his teeth at unauthorized times. Through McMurphy's rebellion against Nurse Ratched's ridiculous and oppressive regulations, Kesey highlights the individual's struggle against a conformist society as a vital and honorable pursuit. McMurphy's defiance within the hospital serves as a metaphor for the larger societal setting. When Kesey wrote the novel, conformity was strongly promoted as a way to preserve law and order. By portraying one man's significant battle against a small society, Kesey questions the societal norms of his era.