🧪 Quick Lab Snapshot (High-Yield)
• Gram stain: Gram-positive cocci in clusters 🍇
• Catalase: Positive ✅
• Coagulase: Positive ✅ (key differentiator)
• Blood agar: β-hemolysis
• MSA: Grows + ferments mannitol → yellow
• Reservoir: Normal skin & nares
🩺 Clinical Associations
• Skin & soft tissue infections (boils, abscesses)
• Pneumonia (post-influenza 👀)
• Osteomyelitis
• Endocarditis
• Toxic shock syndrome
• Food poisoning (preformed toxin)
💡 Exam Tip / Mnemonic
“CATs & COAG”
👉 Staph aureus is CATalase positive and COAGulase positive
💬 What’s the first test you think of when you see Gram-positive cocci in clusters on a Gram stain?