A new report has been added in the Classroom (section 6.2) about the economics of Methane Pyrolysis which is a process that uses Natural Gas for producing hydrogen. Many industries currently use about 90 million tons of hydrogen per year globally. But almost all of it is made using the steam-methane reforming method that releases massive CO2 emissions. To decarbonize these industries, cleaner ways to produce hydrogen are being developed, like methane pyrolysis .

The Electricity Market has two components: The Wholesale Electricity Market , and the Retail Electricity Market. In the Retail Electricity Market there are companies , known as "Retailers" or "Suppliers" (synonym). These companies buy electricity from the Wholesale Electricity Market, and then sell it to consumers e.g. residential consumers, commercial consumers, industrial consumers. A new video has been added where we calculate , in Python, the economic profit of a Retailer. This means Revenue minus Costs. We consider all the cost components. This video has been added to the online course 5.18 which is in the Classroom. The Classroom has more than 100 online courses. To join a course, simply send me its name by DM. Then, there is supervision at no extra cost, which means that as you are watching the videos of the course you can message me any questions you may have. You can also download its code. I strongly recommend that you also watch the videos as I offer useful insights.

Do you follow any sites to stay up-to-date on industry papers and news? This group is incredibly helpful for keeping up with current papers. However, I'd also like to check out any other sites you might recommend.

Sharing the key points of a Financial Times article below. Link to the original article: https://www.ft.com/content/e969af59-0b97-4b21-942d-704bdbca667e Natural gas has been considered a bridge fuel in the fight against climate change because it produces about half the carbon emissions of coal when burned for energy. Many countries, including those in Europe, have planned to increase their use of gas with the idea that it will help reduce emissions while we build up renewable energy sources like wind and solar. This logic seems straightforward: if we need energy now and can't instantly switch everything to renewables, using gas instead of coal should at least cut our emissions in half in the meantime. However, research reveals what experts call "the gas trap," which shows this strategy backfires in the long run. When countries increase gas production to replace coal, it drives down overall energy prices, which makes investing in renewable energy less attractive and profitable. So while gas does reduce emissions in the short term by pushing out coal, it actually leads to higher total emissions over time because it discourages the renewable energy investments we need. The study found that if a country like Norway could commit in advance to producing less gas, it would reduce gas production by 10 % to encourage renewable investment. But without that commitment, countries end up increasing gas production by about 9 % instead, ultimately replacing renewables rather than coal. Norway is primarily a gas producer and exporter - it sells natural gas to other European countries. The article is about how much gas Norway (and other producers) choose to produce and export, and how that affects what happens in the countries that use that gas. Norway's role: Produces natural gas and exports it to Europe. Europe's role: Buys and uses that gas (burning it for electricity and heating), choosing between gas, coal, and renewables.

Below is the Python code for a Forward Contract n Python. The code is in PDF format (for copy paste)t and in ipynb form. This code isfor figuring out how much an oil trade will cost. You give it two basic pieces of information: the price of one barrel of oil and how many barrels you want to buy. Then you can add extra costs like shipping fees, insurance, or storage. The code also lets you apply discounts (if you're buying a lot), add taxes, include broker fees, and even convert the final price to a different currency. It calculates everything step-by-step and shows you each cost as it goes, then gives you the final total price for your oil purchase.