The Silicon Bottleneck: Hardware Risks and Code Quality for Web3 Investors
The tech infrastructure powering crypto sits atop two increasingly fragile foundations: a single Taiwanese island produces 92% of advanced chips while software quality collapses under the weight of AI-generated code and mounting technical debt. For web3 investors and protocol users, understanding these hardware chokepoints and software vulnerabilities isn't optional—it's essential to evaluating systemic risk. One company controls the chips that run everything. TSMC commands a position in global tech that should terrify anyone who thinks about systemic risk. The Taiwanese foundry manufactures 90% of the world's most advanced chips IEEE Spectrum (sub-7nm), including every GPU powering AI training, every iPhone processor, and every high-end crypto mining ASIC. When Bloomberg Economics modeled a Taiwan disruption scenario, they estimated $10 trillion in global economic damage—more than COVID, the 2008 crisis, and the Ukraine war combined. The China-Taiwan situation remains the elephant in every tech boardroom. Defense experts currently assess a full invasion as unlikely but assign 60% probability to some form of blockade or limited conflict within the 2024-2028 window. Japan just deployed offensive missiles 68 miles from Taiwan's coast—the first such deployment since World War II. Taiwan responded by committing $40 billion to defense over the next eight years. For web3 specifically, the concentration is even more extreme. 99% of Bitcoin ASICs come from just three Chinese manufacturers (Bitmain, MicroBT, Canaan), Cointelegraph all sourcing their advanced chips from TSMC. A U.S. customs investigation recently seized over 10,000 ASICs from Bitmain. If Taiwan goes dark, so does the pipeline for mining hardware, validator equipment, and the GPUs powering decentralized compute networks. America's chip dreams face hard realities. The CHIPS Act promised to bring semiconductor manufacturing home, and there's genuine progress. TSMC's Arizona fab began mass production in early 2025— WikipediaAmerica's first domestic advanced chip production in decades. The government has allocated $30.7 billion across 19 projects, Doc with Intel, Samsung, and Micron all building new facilities.